Difference between revisions of "Brain tanning"
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− | == [[ | + | == [[Leather videos|Video]] about brain tanning== |
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<flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/zhnvYZhn9fM&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/zhnvYZhn9fM&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> | ||
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''Besuch eines Gerbkurses mit Hirngerbung'' | ''Besuch eines Gerbkurses mit Hirngerbung'' | ||
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− | '' | + | ''The fat and meat remnants must be removed. There is a clear separation between fat and meat remnants and the future leather.''<br></p> |
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− | '' | + | ''When the hair is scraped off, a tick sometimes appears.''<br></p> |
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− | '' | + | ''Stretching the skin in the [[Stretcher and drying frame]].''<br></p> |
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− | '' | + | '' |
+ | Dry-scraping must be done carefully from left to right and from top to bottom. Quickly the skin is damaged if not carefully done.''<br></p> | ||
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− | '' | + | ''Holes are sewn. Sometimes, many holes are in the leather.''<br></p> |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
− | + | '''Brain tanning''': Basically, the brain can be used by all animals. Usually the brain mass of an animal is enough for its leather. It is available at the slaughterhouse or butcher, if one does not have the head of the animal. Brain is quickly perishable. Therefore, immediately process or freeze. Better prepare too much than too little brain. For a deer skin, approximately 300 grams of brain are sufficient. | |
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− | + | Variations of these methods are still used by do-it-yourself outdoorsmen to tan hides. The use of brains and the idea that each animal (except buffalo) has just enough brains for the tanning process have led to the saying "Every animal has just enough brain to preserve its own hide, dead or alive." Another saying: "Every animal has enough brain to preserve its own hide, except giraffe and teenager....". | |
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− | '' | + | ''Fresh brain when rubbing into a skin or in the [[Stretcher and drying frame]].''<br></p> |
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− | '' | + | ''Push in and squeeze it out again and repeat it all the time. ''<br></p> |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
− | + | '''Softening''':The leather has to be slightly moist for softening. Otherwise moisten the leather slightly with water. Thinner areas dry faster, so be careful not to dry out. To loosen the fiber, hold the leather with both hands and pull over a rounded, non-sharp edge. Alternatively, the leather can only be kneaded and stretched with the hands. It is easier if several people help themselves and pull the leather together to stretch it. You can pull the leather by rope loops or over lines and pull in opposite directions at both ends. This is hard work and needs experience. | |
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− | '' | + | ''In the beginning still funny, but to the end hard work. The skin is scraped with a wood, pulled by a rope or a sharp wooden edge.''<br></p> |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
− | + | '''Smoking''': By smoking, the Indians of North America prevented the leather from becoming hard by wetness. Smoking waterproofes the surface. Due to the darker color of the smoke, the leather does not look so dirty. It is even washable by this treatment. | |
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− | '' | + | ''Much smoke helps a lot.''<br></p> |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
− | + | <werbebanner /> | |
− | * | + | == Additional information == |
+ | * [[Tanning leather]] | ||
+ | * [[Tannins]] | ||
+ | * [[Chrome tanned|Chrome tanning]] | ||
+ | * [[Vegetable-tanned leather|Vegetable tanning]] | ||
+ | * [[Synthetic tanned|Synthetic tanning]] | ||
+ | * [[Tanning with fats and oils]] | ||
+ | * [[Chamois leather]] | ||
+ | * [[Tawing with alum]] | ||
+ | * [[How to tan leather yourself?]] | ||
− | + | == [[Leather videos|Videos]] about the leather production== | |
− | + | <p align=center> | |
− | + | <flashow>http://www.youtube.com/v/zbj1QicTdpI&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow><br></p> | |
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− | == | + | ''The leather production in a modern [[tannery]].'' |
− | + | </p> | |
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
− | + | <flashow>http://www.youtube.com/v/s4aqcEkQH3Q&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> <br></p> | |
+ | <p align=center> | ||
+ | ''The [[brain tanning]] process.'' | ||
</p> | </p> | ||
− | == | + | <p align=center> |
− | + | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/XyCaonpEd70&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> <br></p> | |
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− | + | ''The leather production with [[tannins]] of the oak.'' | |
− | + | </p> | |
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<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
− | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/ | + | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/ycp0n9r32C0&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> <br></p> |
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
− | '' | + | ''[[Chamois leather|Chamois leather production in Germany]].'' |
</p> | </p> | ||
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
− | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/ | + | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/lo2BpzG_thQ&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> <br></p> |
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
− | '' | + | ''The production of [[Beaver fur|beaver skins]].'' |
</p> | </p> | ||
− | < | + | <center> |
− | [[ | + | {| {{Prettytable}} |
− | </ | + | ! bgcolor=#eeeeee | Process steps in the [[leather production]] |
− | < | + | |- |
− | [ | + | | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center | [[storage of leather|storage]] - [[soaking]] - [[Liming - Leather Tanning|liming]] - [[Fleshing - Making of leather|fleshing]] - [[Split leather|splitting]] - [[pickling]] - [[Tanning leather|tanning]] - [[neutralising]] - [[Drying leather|withering]] - [[Leather production#Sorting|sorting]] - [[shaving]] - [[Leather production#Dyeing (through colouring) and fatliquoring|yeing (through colouring) and fatliquoring]] - [[Drying leather|drying]] - [[finish]] - [[softening]] - [[Leather quality|final check]] |
− | </ | + | |} |
+ | </center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <center> | ||
+ | {| {{Prettytable}} | ||
+ | ! bgcolor=#eeeeee | [[Tanning leather|Tanning]] methods | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center | [[Chrome tanned|Chrome tanning]] - [[Vegetable-tanned leather]] - [[Synthetic tanned|Synthetic tanning]] - [[Tanning with fats and oils]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | </center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <logoplustext /> | ||
[[Kategorie:All Articles]] | [[Kategorie:All Articles]] | ||
[[Kategorie:Leather production]] | [[Kategorie:Leather production]] |
Revision as of 17:44, 4 December 2016
Variations of these methods are still used by do-it-yourself outdoorsmen to tan hides. The use of brains and the idea that each animal (except buffalo) has just enough brains for the tanning process have led to the saying "Every animal has just enough brains to preserve its own hide, dead or alive."
Die Hirngerbung, also die Gerbung von Tierhäuten mit der tiereigenen Hirnmasse, ist ein nahezu in Vergessenheit geratenes Gerbverfahren, das in der Praxis heute kaum noch anzutreffen ist. Historisch wurde es hauptsächlich von nordamerikanischen Ureinwohnern angewandt und mit einer Rauchkonservierung verbunden. Dieses Leder wurde dann auch "Indianerleder" genannt.
Aber auch die Zulus in Afrika, die Sami in Skandinavien und die verschiedene Völker Asiens kannten dieses Gerbverfahren. Für die Hirngerbung können die Häute aller Säugetiere verwendet werden. Als Pelz, Fell oder als Leder. Je größer die Haut, desto aufwendiger die Gerbarbeit.
Vorteile der Hirngerbung war, dass Hirn durch das Töten der Tiere immer mit vorhanden war und die Gerbung mit Hirn schnell ist. Eine Hirngerbung dauert nur wenige Tage. Auch der technische Aufwand ist gering, und die Leder sind leicht weich zu machen. Die Produktion findet zu 100% aus Naturprodukten statt, und man benötigt keine weitere "Chemie".
Nachteil ist der erhöhte Arbeitsaufwand, und die erfolgreiche Gerbung gelingt nicht so einfach wie bei den sonst üblichen Gerbarten. Die Hautschicht der Haarseite sowie die Fett- und Fleischreste der Rückseite müssen sehr sorgfältig entfernt werden, damit das Hirn gut in die Fasern eindringen kann. Nur so wird das Leder schön weich. Bei kleineren Häuten kann auch nass gearbeitet werden. Da die Hirnmasse nicht über ein Bad in die Lederfaser eingebracht wird, muss sie mit erheblichem Arbeitsaufwand in die Faser gedrückt werden. Das muss sorgfältig erfolgen, damit das Ergebnis schön wird.
Die Gehirnmasse löst das hauteigene Fett und bewirkt gleichzeitig eine äußerliche Fettung sowie einen Fülleffekt ähnlich dem Glacé-Verfahren. Im Vergleich zu anderen Fettgerbungen enthält die Hirnmasse Emulgatoren, die die Trennung von Fett und Wasser verhindern. Das erleichtert die Penetration des Gerbstoffs in die Haut. Weiterhin enthält Gehirnmasse Eiweißstoffe, die das Leder fülliger machen.
Vorbereitend wird das Gehirn zuerst gekocht (geht auch frisch) und dann in kleinen Portionen auf die Rohhaut (mit oder ohne Haarbesatz) aufgetragen, bevor es mit einem runden, stumpfen Gegenstand so kräftig in die Haut einmassiert wird, als ob man die Hirnmasse auf der anderen Hautseite wieder herausdrücken wollte. Nach dem Einreiben wird auch das Kochwasser des Gehirns auf diese Weise in das Leder aufgetragen, um den Gerbstoff noch besser zu verteilen.
Hirngegerbte Leder sind an sich nicht resistent gegen Verhärtungen beim Trocknen, nachdem sie Nässe ausgesetzt waren. Wie beim Glacéleder spricht man hier von einer "unechten Gerbung" (nicht permanenten Gerbung), da sich die Hautfasern mit dem Gerbstoff nicht chemisch verändern und die Gerbung auswaschbar bleibt. Auch der Gerbvorgang selbst ist wie bei der Weißgerbung sehr kurz und kann in wenigen Tagen abgeschlossen sein.
Um die Weichheit hirngegerbter Leder dennoch langristig zu gewährleisten, wurden sie traditionell in einem speziellen Zelt über Holzrauch gelagert, was der Haut einen dunklen Braunton verlieh und es imprägnierte und somit besser schützte. Ohne dieses Verfahren ist das Leder weißlich und wasserempfindlich.
Video about brain tanning
Besuch eines Gerbkurses mit Hirngerbung
The fat and meat remnants must be removed. There is a clear separation between fat and meat remnants and the future leather.
When the hair is scraped off, a tick sometimes appears.
Stretching the skin in the Stretcher and drying frame.
Dry-scraping must be done carefully from left to right and from top to bottom. Quickly the skin is damaged if not carefully done.
Holes are sewn. Sometimes, many holes are in the leather.
Brain tanning: Basically, the brain can be used by all animals. Usually the brain mass of an animal is enough for its leather. It is available at the slaughterhouse or butcher, if one does not have the head of the animal. Brain is quickly perishable. Therefore, immediately process or freeze. Better prepare too much than too little brain. For a deer skin, approximately 300 grams of brain are sufficient.
Variations of these methods are still used by do-it-yourself outdoorsmen to tan hides. The use of brains and the idea that each animal (except buffalo) has just enough brains for the tanning process have led to the saying "Every animal has just enough brain to preserve its own hide, dead or alive." Another saying: "Every animal has enough brain to preserve its own hide, except giraffe and teenager....".
Fresh brain when rubbing into a skin or in the Stretcher and drying frame.
Push in and squeeze it out again and repeat it all the time.
Softening:The leather has to be slightly moist for softening. Otherwise moisten the leather slightly with water. Thinner areas dry faster, so be careful not to dry out. To loosen the fiber, hold the leather with both hands and pull over a rounded, non-sharp edge. Alternatively, the leather can only be kneaded and stretched with the hands. It is easier if several people help themselves and pull the leather together to stretch it. You can pull the leather by rope loops or over lines and pull in opposite directions at both ends. This is hard work and needs experience.
In the beginning still funny, but to the end hard work. The skin is scraped with a wood, pulled by a rope or a sharp wooden edge.
Smoking: By smoking, the Indians of North America prevented the leather from becoming hard by wetness. Smoking waterproofes the surface. Due to the darker color of the smoke, the leather does not look so dirty. It is even washable by this treatment.
Much smoke helps a lot.
Additional information
- Tanning leather
- Tannins
- Chrome tanning
- Vegetable tanning
- Synthetic tanning
- Tanning with fats and oils
- Chamois leather
- Tawing with alum
- How to tan leather yourself?
Videos about the leather production
The leather production in a modern tannery.
The brain tanning process.
The leather production with tannins of the oak.
Chamois leather production in Germany.
The production of beaver skins.
Process steps in the leather production |
---|
storage - soaking - liming - fleshing - splitting - pickling - tanning - neutralising - withering - sorting - shaving - yeing (through colouring) and fatliquoring - drying - finish - softening - final check |
Tanning methods |
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Chrome tanning - Vegetable-tanned leather - Synthetic tanning - Tanning with fats and oils |