Difference between revisions of "Moldy leather - Mouldy leather"

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Selbst nach einer intensiven Außenbearbeitung verursacht jede Belastung der Polster, wie das Daraufsetzen, die Wirkung eines Blasebalgs: Die Schimmelsporen werden samt unangenehmem Geruch in den Innenraum geblasen. Es ist dann auch keine Lösung, zu versuchen, den Geruch mit anderen Gerüchen zu überlagern. Man erhält dann nur eine Mischung aus dem verwendeten Parfüm und dem Schimmelgeruch. Die Nase ist dann noch irritierter. Derart schwere Fälle lassen sich nur lösen, indem Polsterkern und Leder durch einen Sattler komplett ausgetauscht werden. Der Polsterkern kann in diesem Fall auch nicht befriedigend gewaschen oder wiederverwertet werden, was finanziell ohnehin keinen Vorteil verspräche: Das Leder ist dann bereits abgezogen, und ein neuer Polsterkern treibt die Kosten kaum noch in die Höhe, sondern verbessert den Sitzkomfort sogar meist erheblich. Ein weiteres Argument für neue Aufpolsterung ist zudem der Gesundheitsaspekt: Durch das Einatmen der Schimmelsporen und die Einwirkung der von ihnen abgegebenen Gifte können insbesondere Kinder und Menschen mit schwachem Immunsystem erkranken.  
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Even after intensive cleaning, the mould spores are blown out with an unpleasant odour with every sitting on the upholstery. Trying to superimpose the bad mould smell with other odours won’t solve the problem, as this will only give it a mixture of the perfume used and the mildew smell. Such severe cases can only be solved by completely replacing the upholstery and the leather. Another argument for new upholstery is also the health aspect. Inhaling the mould spores can affect the health of children and people with weak immune systems.
  
Bei Tests wurden Anti-Schimmel-Mittel geprüft. Dabei schnitten z. B. Isopropylalkohol und Essig-Essenz sehr gut ab. Isopropylalkohol kommt für Leder aber nicht in Frage. Die meisten Leder sind [[Zurichtung|oberflächengefärbt]], und diese Farbschichten werden durch Isopropylalkohol angelöst. Auch bei vorsichtiger Anwendung ist davon abzuraten. Essig-Essenz (pH-Wert ca. 2,0) tötet den Schimmel auch, hat aber einen angenehmen pH-Wert für Schimmel. Wie oben beschrieben, braucht man da aber keine Sorge zu haben. Bei ansonsten „normaler“ Verwendung oder Lagerung von Leder kommt es trotz schimmelfreundlichen pH-Werts nicht zu einer gesteigerten Empfindlichkeit. Leder ist immer im pH-Bereich, wo Schimmel sich wohl fühlt. Aber das führt nicht automatisch zur Schimmelbildung, wenn nicht weitere, fördernde Konstellationen die Basis für Schimmel schaffen.  
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Anti-mould agents were tests. Isopropyl alcohol and vinegar essence worked very well. Isopropyl alcohol cannot be used for leather as most leather surfaces are coloured, and these colour layers would get partially dissolved by isopropyl alcohol. Even with careful application is not advisable. Vinegar essence ([[pH value]] about 2.0) kills the mould, but it also has a pleasant pH for future mould growth. As described above, this should not be a worry as long as the leather is not stored under mildew friendly environments. Leather is always in the pH range where mould feels comfortable, but that does not automatically lead to mould growth.
  
  
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''Verschimmelte [[Lederhandtaschen|Tasche]] aus Containerlieferung - [[Möbelleder|Möbel]] im Keller gelagert''''<br></p>
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''Mouldy [[leather handbags]] from container shipping. - [[Furniture leather|furniture]] wrong stored in a cellar.''<br></p>
 
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''Verschimmelte [[Lederbekleidung|Jacke]] und [[Möbelleder|Möbel]] -> Alle beim Containertransport verschimmelt.''<br></p>
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''Mouldy [[leather jacket]] and [[Furniture leather|leather furniture]] -> All mouldy by container transport.''<br></p>
 
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''Verschimmelte [[Motorradkombis|Motorradkombi]] durch falsche Lagerung im feuchten Keller.''<br></p>
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''Mouldy [[Leather suits|motorcycle Leather suits]] caused by incorrect storage in a damp basement.''<br></p>
 
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''Verschimmelte [[Möbelleder|Möbel]] aus [[Anilinleder]] nach Kellerlagerung.''<br></p>
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''Mouldy [[aniline leather]] furniture after keeping it in a cellar.''<br></p>
 
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==Schwarzer Schimmel im Leder==
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==Black mould in leather==
Schwarzer Schimmel ist viel seltener bei Leder. Häufiger sind solche Stockflecken eher bei [[Kunstleder]] auf [[Bootsleder|Booten]] oder beim Dachhimmel von [[Autoleder|Fahrzeugen]]. Die Flecken vom schwarzen Schimmel wachsen im Material und lassen sich durch eine Reinigung kaum entfernen. Selbst bei Versuchen, sie überzufärben, wandern sie oft durch die Farbe wieder zurück. Daher ist bei vielen Flecken der Neubezug die richtige Empfehlung und bei Färbungen eine Vorbehandlung mit einem Blocker notwendig.  
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Black mould is much rarer in leather. More often it will occur in [[imitation leather]] on [[Marine & Boat leather|boats]] or in the headliner of [[car leather|vehicle]]. The patches of black mould growing in the material can hardly be removed by [[leather cleaner|cleaning]]. A pre-treatment with a blocker will be required prior to [[Leather repair|recolouring]] as such stains move to the top through a new colouration.
  
  
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''Schwarzer Schimmel sitzt im Material und nicht wie der weiße Schimmel auf dem Material. Eine [[Lederreiniger|Reinigung]] funktioniert dann nicht.''<br></p>
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''Black mould is in the material unlike white mould which stays on the top of the material. A [[leather cleaner|cleaning]] will not have success.''<br></p>
 
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==Schimmelbehandlung==
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==Mould treatment==
Bei weißem Schimmel und nicht zu langer Wartezeit, stehen die Chancen auf eine erfolgreiche Reinigung relativ gut. In diesem Fall wurde die Lüftung in einer Garage umgebaut, was zu einer Erhöhung der Luftfeuchtigkeit führte. Die Zeit bis zum Zustand auf den Fotos betrug maximal 5 Monate. Der Schimmel war auf allen weichen Oberflächen inkl. Gurte und Soft Lack der Kunststoffteile. Die Reinigung war eine Fleißarbeit, aber nicht kompliziert. Der Schimmelgeruch war trotz der Optik zu Beginn nicht stark und nach der Bearbeitung nicht mehr wahrnehmbar.
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When mould is white and hasn’t been on the leather for a long time, the chances of a successful cleaning are relatively good. In the case shown in the photographs, the car had been parked in a garage with no ventilation which resulted in an increase in the humidity levels. The time spent in bad storage was no more than 5 months. The mould had appeared on all soft surfaces including the soft paint of the plastic parts. Cleaning it was a hard work, but not complicated. The smell of mould was not strong and no longer perceptible after the cleaning process.
  
  
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''Gründliche Fleißarbeit von [http://www.glanzmobil.de/ www.GlanzMobil.de] und Glück für den Besitzer führte zu einer Rettung.''<br></p>
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''Thorough busywork of [http://www.glanzmobil.de/ www.GlanzMobil.de] and happiness for the owner.''<br></p>
 
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[[bild:Lederzentrum-Logo2-2010-11.jpg|12px]] [http://www.lederzentrum.de/tip/auto/schimmel.html -> Tipp vom Lederzentrum: Die Arbeitsschritte bei der Entfernung von Schimmel auf Leder und Kunstleder]
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[[bild:Colourlock-02.jpg|16px]] -> [https://www.colourlock.com/tip/vintage-cars/mildew-removal.html COLOURLOCK - THE TREATMENT OF MOLDY LEATHER]
  
  
==[[Fettausschlag]]==
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==[[Fatty spue - Fat marks on leather]]==
'''Achtung allerdings''': Nicht immer sind weißliche Beläge auf der Lederoberfläche sofort und zweifelsfrei als Schimmel identifizierbar. Ein bekanntes Phänomen, das Schimmelbefall optisch sehr ähnelt, ist der [[Fettausschlag]]. Als [[Fettausschlag]] bezeichnet man weißlich austretende, überschüssige Fette. Diese Optik wird häufig mit Schimmel verwechselt. Vor jeglicher Behandlung muss daher eine Differenzierung erfolgen, womit man es genau zu tun hat. Kennzeichen von Fettausschlag ist, dass der Belag bei vorsichtiger Erwärmung des Leders mit einem Haartrockner verschwindet (da das Fett schmilzt) - was bei Schimmel nicht der Fall ist.
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'''Caution!''' Not all whitish coating on the leather surface is mould. A well-known phenomenon that is visually very similar, to white mould is the [[Fatty spue - Fat marks on leather|fatty spew]]. This is whitish excess fat being expelled by onto the leather surface. This appearance is often confused with mould. Prior to any treatment, therefore, this has to be accurately differentiated. The main indicator of fatty spew is that careful heating of the leather surface with a hairdryer will make it disappear (because the fat melts) - which is not the case with mould.
  
  
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''[[Fettausschlag]] ist kein Schimmel, auch wenn es so aussieht!''<br></p>
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''[[Fatty spue - Fat marks on leather|fatty spew]] is no mould, even if it looks like it!''<br></p>
 
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== Weitere Lederschäden ==
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== Other leather damages ==
 
* [[Leather damages|Typical leather damages such as aging, fading, grease stains, discolouration etc.]]
 
* [[Leather damages|Typical leather damages such as aging, fading, grease stains, discolouration etc.]]
 
* [[Dye transfer from leather]]
 
* [[Dye transfer from leather]]

Revision as of 11:35, 10 December 2016

LEATHER-DICTIONARY.jpg


Motorradhose-Schimmel-03.jpg


Mould on leather

Some leather get mouldy or take on an unpleasant odour. Most often the cause of mould is incorrect storage of the leather.

Ideally, leather should be stored at room temperature and a humidity of 40-60%, taking care to ensure adequate air circulation. Constant humidity of more than 70%, high ambient temperature and lack of air circulation will contribute to the growth of fungi and bacteria immensely.

Also, the pH value plays an important role in creating an optimal environment for the growth of mould. Leather has a pH of about 4.5 to 5.5, putting it in the acidic range.


The viability of moulds as a function of pH is shown in the table below:

Fungal species Minimum Optimum Maximum
Alternaria 2.7 5.4 8.0
Aspergillus niger 1.5 7.2 9.8
Aspergillus flavus 2.5 7.5 10.5
Cladosporium herbarum 3.1 7.7
Fusarium 2.0 9.0
Penicillium 2.0 10.0
Rhizopus stolonifer 2.5 6.8


The optimum pH value varies depending on the fungal species. In principle, the pH of leather is good for the apparition of mould. Changing the pH of the leather would prevent mould, but it would also damage the leather or allow it to age faster.

The pH alone does not cause mould. Appropriate temperatures, suitable humidity and no ventilation create the environment for mould. It is therefore sufficient to take care of the other parameters, to prevent mould without altering the pH. Usually, even parking a car outdoors in various weather conditions without ventilation does not create mould. Mould therefore arises only in adverse situations. Most extreme humidity or improper storage, unless the vehicle is moved, this is most frequent when stored in damp sheds or garages.


Mould in the manufacturing process of leather

Leather is not always produced from start till end in one tannery. Leather is sometimes first tanned in one tannery and then processed to crust at another location. This can lead to longer storage and transporting periods. A lot of leather is tanned in South America and then dyed and finished in Europe (mostly Italy).

This long storage and transportation times may lead to mould growth. To reduce this risk, the leathers are treated with fungicides. The effectiveness is tested in climate chambers. When testing the leathe for mould, it is stored at 30°C and 95-98% humidity. Then about 20 different mould spores are introduced into the chamber. Untreated leather suffers significantly after one week. The mold test is passed, if the leather persists without infestation for at least 4 weeks.


Mould remediation in the use of leather

Whether mould can be eliminated just by cleaning it, or whether replacement of the cushioning material is needed, it cannot be answered generically as it depends on the duration of the exposure of the leather to the unfavourable environmental conditions that caused the mould to appear. Visible mould can usually still be removed, but the mouldy smell is the main problem.

Mould that emerges after a few months is usually removed with diligent cleaning. Cases in which the mould has been spreading for over several years (wrong stored classic cars, can rarely be just cleaned. The reason is the inner core of the upholstery. In such cases, the entire interior (foams, fabrics, cotton, etc.) has been infected by germs and mould spores. Such heavy infestation can be recognised, as it will not reduce the unpleasent smell despite a thorough cleaning of the surface.


Schimmel1.jpg Porsche-Schimmel-06-2003-02.jpg

This Porsche convertible was parked in an underground car park after an open drive in the rain. The mould was on all leather surfaces.

 

Schimmel5.jpg Lenkrad-Schimmel-001.jpg

A mould infested classic car seat. - A steering wheel with strong mildew.

 

Kaefer-Cabrio-Schimmel-01.jpg Schimmel-Porsche-01-2010-12.jpg

Beetle Convertible. - Porsche in Lissabon - Portugal

 

Even after intensive cleaning, the mould spores are blown out with an unpleasant odour with every sitting on the upholstery. Trying to superimpose the bad mould smell with other odours won’t solve the problem, as this will only give it a mixture of the perfume used and the mildew smell. Such severe cases can only be solved by completely replacing the upholstery and the leather. Another argument for new upholstery is also the health aspect. Inhaling the mould spores can affect the health of children and people with weak immune systems.

Anti-mould agents were tests. Isopropyl alcohol and vinegar essence worked very well. Isopropyl alcohol cannot be used for leather as most leather surfaces are coloured, and these colour layers would get partially dissolved by isopropyl alcohol. Even with careful application is not advisable. Vinegar essence (pH value about 2.0) kills the mould, but it also has a pleasant pH for future mould growth. As described above, this should not be a worry as long as the leather is not stored under mildew friendly environments. Leather is always in the pH range where mould feels comfortable, but that does not automatically lead to mould growth.


Schimmel-Tasche-Kontainer-01.jpg Schimmel-Moebel-Spanien.jpg

Mouldy leather handbags from container shipping. - furniture wrong stored in a cellar.

 

Schimmel-Jacke-Schweinsleder-Kontainer-01.jpg Schimmel-Moebel-Conatainer-001.jpg

Mouldy leather jacket and leather furniture -> All mouldy by container transport.

 

Motorradhose-Schimmel-01.jpg Motorradhose-Schimmel-02.jpg

Mouldy motorcycle Leather suits caused by incorrect storage in a damp basement.

 

Schimmel-Möbel-02.jpg Schimmel-Möbel-01.jpg

Mouldy aniline leather furniture after keeping it in a cellar.

 

Black mould in leather

Black mould is much rarer in leather. More often it will occur in imitation leather on boats or in the headliner of vehicle. The patches of black mould growing in the material can hardly be removed by cleaning. A pre-treatment with a blocker will be required prior to recolouring as such stains move to the top through a new colouration.


Auto-Schimmel-schwarz-01-2012-10.jpg

Schimmel-Kunstleder-neu-Kontainer.jpg Schimmel-schwarz-KFZ-03.jpg

Schimmel-Leder-Sofa-schwarz-01.jpg

Black mould is in the material unlike white mould which stays on the top of the material. A cleaning will not have success.

 

Mould treatment

When mould is white and hasn’t been on the leather for a long time, the chances of a successful cleaning are relatively good. In the case shown in the photographs, the car had been parked in a garage with no ventilation which resulted in an increase in the humidity levels. The time spent in bad storage was no more than 5 months. The mould had appeared on all soft surfaces including the soft paint of the plastic parts. Cleaning it was a hard work, but not complicated. The smell of mould was not strong and no longer perceptible after the cleaning process.


Schimmel-KFZ-2013-10-04.jpg Schimmel-KFZ-2013-10-05.jpg Schimmel-KFZ-2013-10-03.jpg

Schimmel-KFZ-2013-10-02.jpg Schimmel-KFZ-2013-10-01.jpg

Thorough busywork of www.GlanzMobil.de and happiness for the owner.

 

Colourlock-02.jpg -> COLOURLOCK - THE TREATMENT OF MOLDY LEATHER


Fatty spue - Fat marks on leather

Caution! Not all whitish coating on the leather surface is mould. A well-known phenomenon that is visually very similar, to white mould is the fatty spew. This is whitish excess fat being expelled by onto the leather surface. This appearance is often confused with mould. Prior to any treatment, therefore, this has to be accurately differentiated. The main indicator of fatty spew is that careful heating of the leather surface with a hairdryer will make it disappear (because the fat melts) - which is not the case with mould.


Fettausschlag-gekrispeltes-Leder-01.jpg

Fettausschlag-Rucksack-01.jpg Fettausschlag-Toyota-01.jpg

fatty spew is no mould, even if it looks like it!

 



Other leather damages


Additional information


Further information on mold treatment

Colourlock-02.jpg -> COLOURLOCK - THE TREATMENT OF MOLDY LEATHER

Lederzentrum-2016-08-Mini-viereckig-Rand-02.jpg -> In German: www.lederzentrum.de

Globus.jpg -> Rest of the world: partners worldwide


Colourlock-GB-03.jpg

WE UNDERSTAND LEATHER - WWW.COLOURLOCK.COM