Difference between revisions of "Oils & fats in the leather industry"
From www.leather-dictionary.com - The Leather Dictionary
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| − | ==Oils, fats and waxes in the | + | ==Oils, fats and waxes in the leather production== |
| − | + | Greases, oils and waxes play an important role in the [[leather production|leather production process]]. They are used to help achieve certain [[leather quality|properties]] ([[Haptic evaluation of leather surfaces|softness]], [[Waterproofing leather|waterproofing]] or appearance). The refatting also prevents the leather fibers from sticking together during [[leather production#Drying|drying]] in leather production. Fats, oils and waxes are main components of [[leather care]] and are also sometimes used directly during [[Tanning with fats and oils|tanning]]. The fat content in the leather after tanning is about 1 to 25%. | |
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==Fatliquoring (regreasing)== | ==Fatliquoring (regreasing)== | ||
| − | + | During the [[leather production|tanning process]], the animal's natural fats are removed from the [[rawhide]] because, as they are not preserved, they will become rancid. To obtain a [[leather quality|soft and stable]] leather, it must be re-greased. Going back to the origins of tanning, leather used to be re-greased with milk, [[brain tanning|brain]], egg yolk, vegetable oil or fish transe (also called "fish oil"). Fats were also used for fat tanning. A finished [[Pull up leather - Greased leather - Waxed leather - Oiled leather|oiled leather]] has a fat content of up to 25%. | |
| − | Fatliquoring | + | Fatliquoring involves reapplying water-soluble oils to [[leather]]. This can be done in the tanning process or even after [[Washing and dry cleaning leather|dry cleaning]]. The dry cleaning process is carried out in a solvent bath, which thoroughly degreases the leather. The fatliquor makes the leather supple and stable and gives a handsome appearance to the "starved" look of degreased leather. |
| − | + | Oils and fats affect the [[leather smell|smell of leather]]. They are among many substances used in [[Leather production|tanning]] which influence the smell of the finished leather. Fatliquors of good quality do not have an intrusive odour. | |
==Raw materials for the fatliquoring agents== | ==Raw materials for the fatliquoring agents== | ||
| − | + | * Sea animal oils: Fish oil | |
| + | * Land animal oils and fats: Claw oil, beef tallow, pig fat, bone fat | ||
| + | * Vegetable oils and fats: Palm oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, coconut fat, palm kernel fat, turkey red oil | ||
| + | * Waxes: Carnauba wax, montan wax, wool grease | ||
| + | * Synthetic fats: Paraffin oil, mineral oil, fatty alcohol, fatty acid ester | ||
| − | + | Fats and oils that are introduced into the leather must always be heated in such a way that they become liquid and can thus penetrate the fiber structure. | |
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</p> | </p> | ||
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
| − | '' | + | ''fish oil'' - ''claw oil''<br></p> |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
==Fats in [[leather care]] and [[finish]]== | ==Fats in [[leather care]] and [[finish]]== | ||
| − | Leather is not only greased and oiled | + | Leather is not only greased and oiled during [[leather production|production]] to make it supple and soft. Fats and oils are also used as [[leather care]] against wear (in particular, [[Shoe care|shoe polish]]), or to [[Waterproofing leather|waterproof]] leather, or to preserve old and dry leather by re-greasing and softening. |
| − | Oils, greases and waxes are also used in the [[finish]]. | + | Oils, greases and waxes are also used in the [[finish]]. For [[Pull up leather - Greased leather - Waxed leather - Oiled leather|pull up (greased leather - waxed leather - oiled leather)]], these substances are used to achieve certain effects in the surface. [[Pull up leather - Greased leather - Waxed leather - Oiled leather|Pull-up leather]] usually has [[Antique Leather - Vintage Leather#patina|patina]] which increases with time. |
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
| − | [[bild:Tasche-Fettleder-01.jpg| | + | [[bild:Tasche-Fettleder-01.jpg|500px]] |
| − | + | ||
</p> | </p> | ||
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
| − | ''[[Pull up leather - Greased leather - Waxed leather - Oiled leather| | + | [[bild:Pull-Up-Riemen-02.jpg|500px]] |
| + | </p> | ||
| + | <p align=center> | ||
| + | ''[[Pull up leather - Greased leather - Waxed leather - Oiled leather|pull up leather - waxed leather]]''<br></p> | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
| − | < | + | ==Video about the treatment of hardened [[Vintage & Classic car leather|vintage car leather]]== |
| + | <p align=center> | ||
| + | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/fow2V_iUtrw&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> <br></p> | ||
| + | <p align=center> | ||
| + | ''[https://www.colourlock.com/How-To-s/Car-Leather/The-treatment-of-hardened-leather/ How to soften old, hardened car leather.]'' | ||
| + | </p> | ||
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== [[Leather videos|Video]] about the [[leather production]]== | == [[Leather videos|Video]] about the [[leather production]]== | ||
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
| − | <flashow> | + | <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/-qn5R8dKcss&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow><br></p> |
<p align=center> | <p align=center> | ||
''The [[leather production]] in a modern [[tannery]].'' | ''The [[leather production]] in a modern [[tannery]].'' | ||
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! bgcolor=#eeeeee | [[Leather production|Process steps in the leather production]] | ! bgcolor=#eeeeee | [[Leather production|Process steps in the leather production]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center | [[storage of leather|storage]] - [[soaking]] - [[Liming - Leather Tanning|liming]] - [[Fleshing - Making of leather|fleshing]] - [[Split leather|splitting]] - [[pickling]] - [[Tanning leather|tanning]] - [[neutralising]] - [[Drying leather|withering]] - [[Leather production#Sorting|sorting]] - [[shaving]] - [[Leather production#Dyeing | + | | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center | [[storage of leather|storage]] - [[soaking]] - [[Liming - Leather Tanning|liming]] - [[Fleshing - Making of leather|fleshing]] - [[Split leather|splitting]] - [[pickling]] - [[Tanning leather|tanning]] - [[neutralising]] - [[Drying leather|withering]] - [[Leather production#Sorting|sorting]] - [[shaving]] - [[Leather production#Dyeing - Fatliquoring - Re-tanning|dyeing - fatliquoring - retanning]] - [[Drying leather|drying]] - [[finish]] - [[softening]] - [[Leather quality|final check]] |
|} | |} | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:09, 13 July 2023
Contents
Oils, fats and waxes in the leather production
Greases, oils and waxes play an important role in the leather production process. They are used to help achieve certain properties (softness, waterproofing or appearance). The refatting also prevents the leather fibers from sticking together during drying in leather production. Fats, oils and waxes are main components of leather care and are also sometimes used directly during tanning. The fat content in the leather after tanning is about 1 to 25%.
Fatliquoring (regreasing)
During the tanning process, the animal's natural fats are removed from the rawhide because, as they are not preserved, they will become rancid. To obtain a soft and stable leather, it must be re-greased. Going back to the origins of tanning, leather used to be re-greased with milk, brain, egg yolk, vegetable oil or fish transe (also called "fish oil"). Fats were also used for fat tanning. A finished oiled leather has a fat content of up to 25%.
Fatliquoring involves reapplying water-soluble oils to leather. This can be done in the tanning process or even after dry cleaning. The dry cleaning process is carried out in a solvent bath, which thoroughly degreases the leather. The fatliquor makes the leather supple and stable and gives a handsome appearance to the "starved" look of degreased leather.
Oils and fats affect the smell of leather. They are among many substances used in tanning which influence the smell of the finished leather. Fatliquors of good quality do not have an intrusive odour.
Raw materials for the fatliquoring agents
- Sea animal oils: Fish oil
- Land animal oils and fats: Claw oil, beef tallow, pig fat, bone fat
- Vegetable oils and fats: Palm oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, coconut fat, palm kernel fat, turkey red oil
- Waxes: Carnauba wax, montan wax, wool grease
- Synthetic fats: Paraffin oil, mineral oil, fatty alcohol, fatty acid ester
Fats and oils that are introduced into the leather must always be heated in such a way that they become liquid and can thus penetrate the fiber structure.
fish oil - claw oil
Fats in leather care and finish
Leather is not only greased and oiled during production to make it supple and soft. Fats and oils are also used as leather care against wear (in particular, shoe polish), or to waterproof leather, or to preserve old and dry leather by re-greasing and softening.
Oils, greases and waxes are also used in the finish. For pull up (greased leather - waxed leather - oiled leather), these substances are used to achieve certain effects in the surface. Pull-up leather usually has patina which increases with time.
pull up leather - waxed leather
Video about the treatment of hardened vintage car leather
How to soften old, hardened car leather.
Additional information
- Pull up leather - Greased leather - Waxed leather - Oiled leather
- Leather care
- Shoe care
- Tanning with fats and oils
Video about the leather production
The leather production in a modern tannery.
a kotori web solution